An Analysis On Subtitling Strategies Of Romeo And Juliet Movie

The focus of this research is to identify the subtitling strategies applied in the subtitling of Romeo and Juliet movie. This research belongs to descriptive qualitative research along with purposive sampling techniques. The objects of the research are English sentences spoken by the actors and actress in Romeo and Juliet movie as a source text (ST) and its Indonesian subtitling as a target text (TT).The research findings show that the subtitling strategies applied in Romeo and Juliet movie are expansion, paraphrase, transfer, imitation, condensation, decimation, deletion, taming, and resignation. Among those strategies; condensation is the most dominant one due to the limited space and subtitling time appearance because in the subtitling process, there should be a thrifty translation whereas, the accuracy of Romeo and Juliet subtitling depends on the context covers the text, both situation context and cultural context. There are three components covers the situation context, namely field, mode/channel, and tenor/relation. The

(SL) into source language (SL) with the difference voice. Another translation expert, Whereas, Chitas, also explored the definition of ³GXEELQJ´ DV IROORZ ³Dubbing involves replacing the original soundtract LQ WKH DFWRU ¶V GLDORJXH ZLWK D WDUJHW ODQJXDJH 7/ Uecording that reproduces the original message, while at the same time ensuring that the 7/ VRXQG DQG WKH VDPH DFWRUV ¶ OLS PRYHPHQWV DUH PRUH RU OHVV synchronized (2003:15)´. This definition stresses that dubbing involves UHSODFLQJ WKH µVRXQGWUDFN´ IURP 6/ into TL with the same lips movement from the actors.
Subtitling is truly different from dubbing. Gambier (1993: 276) explored his definition about subtitling as follow: ³Subtitling is one of two possible methods for providing the translation of a movie dilaogue, where the original dialogue soundtrack is left in place and the translation is printed along the bottom of the film´ In other words, it can be said that VXEWLWOLQJ LV GRQH E\ WUDQVODWLQJ WKH ILOP ¶V GLDORJXHV WKHQ SXW WKH SULQWHG translation in the bottom 0f the film. Similarly as dubbing, the purpose of subtitling is helping the viewers enjoy the films such as documenter movies, drama, and action and so on. Then Betty White in (file:///G:/subtitling/eotvsection.php.htm updated./04/01/2011) stressed that the amount lines of subtitling is not more than two lines.
From the definition of dubbing and subtitling above, it can be concluded that ³GXEELQJ´ LV WKH UHSODFHPHQW RI the original soundtrack RI VRXUFH ODQJXDJH 6/ LQWR WDUJHW ODQJXDJH 7/ ZKHUHDV ³VXEWLWOLQJ´ LV done by sticking the written translation (target language) on the movie monitor. Dubbing and subtitling are one of translation great works. Firstly, they are done with translation process, and then continued by recording process or sticking process.

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Situation context is composed by some variables such as field (content), mode/channel (spoken text/written text), and tenor/relation (the relation between the speaker and the listeners/viewers or the writer and the reader).
Knowing the situation context and cultural context is very important in subtitling process because by having them the translator can transfer the message from the source text into target text well and he/she be able to choose the appropriate translation strategies in doing his/her works. From those phenomenon, this research focuses on (1) the equivalent meaning on subtitling of Romeo and Juliet movie viewed from the context situation and cultural situation covered the text, and (2) the translation strategies applied by the translator in translating Romeo and Juliet movie.

The Definition of Translation
There are some translation definitions explored by the experts of translation. Some of them are Catford (1965), Nida and Teber (1974) and Larson (1984). Catford (1965: 1) defined the translation as ³an operation performed on language: a process of substituting a text in one langauge Nida and Taber (1974) said that translating consist of reproducing in the receptor language to the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, at first in meaning and secondly in term of style. While Larson (1983: 17) saw that translation is the replacement of meaning from source language (SL) into target language (TL) by using the form of the receptor target language. From the definition of translation above, it can be concluded broadly, translation focuses on meaning equivalent.

Meaning (Situation Context and Cultural Context Based)
Neubert (1984)  Besides that, there are some terms that should be known by the movie translator or subtitler such as frame, shot, scene and sequences. Frame is a basic unit of the movie that is a set of shot; then some shots are combined into scene; some scenes are combined into scuents; and the last, some scuents combined into movie which are connected by the dialogues.
Besides, subtitling is also composed by movie components such as soundtrack, music, effects, the tone of the actors, mimic and gesture, camera movement, distance, and montage (cuts, fade-in, dissolve, and so on).
Movie script refers to the source text that will be translated into target

Imitation
Imitation strategies are done by rewriting the source text into target text. Usually this strategy is done in translating the name of person or the name of place.

Transcription
This strategy is done by rewriting the certain words because of the textual function how that language should be. For example, how the sentence in the source text pronounced can be seen in the subtitling.

Condensation
Condensation strategy is done by shortening the source text. In this strategy the subtitler or translator eliminates unimportant utterance.

Deletion
Deletion strategy means some of source texts are deleted because the translator/subtitler believes that those parts are not important.
The differences between deletion and condensation is that in

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condensed but in deletion strategy there are some parts that be deleted by the translator.

Taming
Taming strategies is used to translate the rude or taboo words in order to be acceptable in target language.

Resignation
Resignation is done when there is no any solution in transferring the message from SL into TL. Automatically, the meaning of the source text is not transferred into target language, or in other word it is