The Change of Mental Process in the Translation of Ronggeng Dhukuh Paruk From Bahasa Indonesia Into English

Mental process (thinking activities) is a part of transitivity system, representing language meaning as a symbol or representation meaning. In translation, this meaning is the most important, determining whether or not a clause is translated correctly. It means a sentence with a mental-process predicate will be right only, if it is realized in the same process. This paper tries to prove this notion, by exploring a novel translation from Bahasa to English. It employs Halliday's transitivity as a means to contrast a source text (T1) and a target text (T2).Based on the analysis, it is found out that some mental processes in the novel are translated into another process. Perception and affection are two subtypes of mental process which are translated into relational process and material process. The change into relational process is identified in many cases; though most of the data are translated into a the same mental process. This change is triggered by the strategies of modulation and transposition. Meanwhile, there is only a single case of change into a material process, which is resulted from the different realization, literal to metaphorical expression. Thus, this proves that the change of a process in a clause does not necessarily entail a change of meaning.


Introduction
Mental process refers to a category of activities which may be embodied in a clause. It is just one of the six main types of the processes formulated by Halliday (1985). Mental process is a type of activity A clause in a certain type of process in a language logically has to be realized in another clause with similar type when it is translated into another language. However, a different semiotic system may lead a translator to change the processes type due to some determining factors.
This paper addresses the issue of process type change in a translation involving Indonesian-English, particularly the mental process type.
Translation is a process of meaning extraction from a text and put the meaning into another. With meaning as its commodity, translation is a communication involving at least two semiotic systems, always operating in a certain context. Text, according to Halliday dan Hasan (1985, Tou:1992, is a collection of meaning codified in words and structures. It is a process and and product of social meaning in a situational context (ibid:15). Further, they explain that a text presents in variables determining their presentation manifestation. Text is always influenced by field, tenor, and mode, and also its situational and cultural contexts.
A translation work is a realization of single meaning in another language. Thus, the meaning, which covers three types of meanings, is represented in different verbal semiotic systems. In translation, the most SURPLQHQW PHDQLQJ ³KLJKHVW YDOXH´ WR EH PDLQWDLQHG LV WKH LGHDWLRQDO meaning; when TT fails to match ideationally to ST, it will not be viewed as a translation (Halliday in Manfredi, 2008: 64-65 This paper will focus only on the variation of mental process realization from Indonesian into English. The data sources are the novels of Ronggeng Dhukuh Paruk (Tohari (1982), (2003), and (2006)) in two different languages, Bahasa Indonesia and English. This appOLHV +DOOLGD\ ¶V transitivity to see the changes of mental process category in the clauses collected from the sources.

Discussion
As mentioned earlier, mental process is a process characterized by the activity occurring in our mind / consciousness. It includes perception, cognition, and affection. These mental processes in the data analyzed are also found to have a variation or change into other types of processes. Each category of the mental process does change into another. The first process  1995:346). T1 positions the bird as the acting subject and the village as the object; in T2, they are only a point from which the village is seen, and the village is the subject of passive-like construction using linking verb, ³ORRN´ 7KLV PRGXODtion has made the shift on process type.
In addition to the change into relational process of attributive subtype, the perception process is also found to be translated into an identifying relational process. Some sample data showing such change is as IROORZV 7KH RULJLQDO FODXVH ZLWK D YHUE RI ³mendengar´ µKHDU ¶ ZKLFK clearly shows the activity of the auditory sense, is then embodied in a target clause into a process of "being"; it shows an identification. One way to prove the identification process is reversibility, the possibility of a reversal of the position of the subject-complement, because either complement or subject refers to a single referent. Here again, it can be recognized an obvious transposition involved; the strategy is the culprit for the shift on the process type.

Conclusion
A translation of clauses packed in mental process from Bahasa Indonesia into English in the novel has given an evidence that variation is possible. It opens a potential negotiation between the source and target texts. A target text is not always fully obedient to its source. In another way, a translator does not need to be dictated by an author to express the meaning. As long as the meaning is maintained, a translator has a free space to express it in his/her personal preference.