Americanization of Non-American Storiesin Disney Films

The study is intended to know the Disney's animation films characteristics which are adapted from non American stories that contain Americanization in order to be American popular culture products. This qualitative and library research is carried out within the field of American Studies. Disney's animated films which are regarded as artifacts in order to identify American society and culture is used as her primary data. She then compares those Disney films with the original stories to discover the changes in making those stories become American popular products. She furthermore uses the sources such as books, magazines, journals, articles, and also internet data for her secondary data. The result of this study shows that most of folk narratives which were used in Disney films were adapted from other countries' stories. However, Disney intentionally adapts foreign countries' stories in its animated films by using Disney formula to blow up the sale of its products. Since Disney is one of the most powerful media conglomerates in the world, it works endlessly to set out world entertainment. Disney formula in its animated films which has dominated those adapted films are only intended to obtain as much profit as possible without paying attention to the values in children entertainment.

The study discussHV 'LVQH\ ¶V DQLPDWHG ILOP FKDUDFWHULVWLFV )URP WKDW point, it can explore the ways and reason of Disney in wrapping non American stories to be its products. Here, the writer only investigates the construction, setting, and content of Aladdin (1992), Mulan (1998), Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), and Beauty and the Beast (1991). Those non American stories will be blended in the analysis with some other stories Those stories come from other countries which must have different cultural background from America.

Racism in Disney films
In the hand of Walt Disney, many fairy tales, legends, or ballads from other countries were remade into U.S versions for American viewers. They adapt the story to extend the market and adapt to American culture. Most of these "Americanized" versions were filmed in American places, and with English-speaking actors. In some cases, an original story from a foreign country is Americanized by recasting its leading characters as Americans.
Through years of growth and development, the Disney Company has been able to place their products and images in the lives of almost all children in America and other countries in the world.
Even though each culture has their own unique traditions and history, The Aladdin film is regarded as racist by Arab American groups in the United States (Maio, 1999: 4 The readers of Arabian Night must be confused with the film since they can not find those parts in their reading.

Discrimination in Disney films
'LVQH\ ¶V DQLPDWRUV FDQ DOVR SURMHFW $PHULFDQ PDGH VWHUHRW\SHV LQWR their animation. We can take an example, all evil characters in Aladdin such DV -DIDU DQG WKH VXOWDQ ¶V JXDUGV KDYH EHDUds and large, bulbous noses, sinister eyes, and heavy Arabic accents. They usually use sword constantly (Giroux, 1999: 32 We can also assume that The Lion King is also home to many Additionally, African-Americans voice actors were intentionally hired to voice the lower and unintelligent characters (Kanfer, 1997: 179 does not only portray them in feathers but also as good hearted and chuckleheaded simpletons whose skills are confined to singing and dancing.
Even though none of the characters in the examples above are visibly black, Disney attaches and implies a meaning by using the voice with the image.
Tavin explains how animals and non-human representations in Disney films are not immune to this racial stereotyping. The characters often use language in the form of racially coded accents and inflection (Tavin et.al., 2003: 56-57).
Audience can also observe in another Disney movie that takes place in Africa, 1999 Tarzan which eliminates the presence of blacks in Africa altogether. It also promotes white supremacy to any who view that film.
There is the same case in the relationship between Pocahontas and John 6PLWK LQ 'LVQH\ ¶V Pocahontas. Even though the white people in this movie are the enemy, there is still a suggestion of white supremacy because Pocahontas essentially falls in love with the first white man she sees (Edgerton and Jackson, 1996: 92  They are portrayed using forceful behavior in order to get what they want.

Male Dominance in Disney films
As early as Disney's first animated classic, there has always been an emphasis on male dominance for nearly every film. Prince Charming kisses  1989: 24). It is clearly proved that sex discrimination still run in America in the nineteenth century.

Rebelliousness of teenagers in Disney films
Disney has also repeatedly supported the idea that teenagers are rebellious and deviant people. It is similar with the stereotype that plagues the majority of modern American teens. Today, the term teenager has a negative connotation (Ostman, 1996: 83 Furthermore Prince Eric should kiss Ariel whether she wants to be kissed or not, because she is "the one" and he has a duty to follow his feelings. There is one LGHDO URPDQWLF PDWH IRU HYHU\RQH LQ 'LVQH\ ¶V VWRULHV 2QH PXVW ILQG WKLV person and marry him or her to have a complete life. In Disney films it is not enjoyable to be single because it means to be lonely and unfulfilled.

The importance of performance and wealthy in Disney films
We can also observe that beauty or good looking is everything in for Aladdin because he helps Jasmine to run away from the palace. But Aladdin can marry Jasmine in the end of the story because he has more than the gold, magic lamp that can grant all his wishes. The Beast has a great ZHDOWK VR KH FDQ JXDUDQWHH %HOOH ¶V HQMR\DEOH OLIH 0XODQ LV QRW RQO\ D JLUO EXW also from the ordinary family in China but she can save the Chinese troops from the villain so she can get immense attention from the leader of the army, the Khan, and people all over her country. In The Lion King Simba enjoys a relative life of leisure while waiting to ascend to his inherited destiny as monarch. Cinderella works hard at the beginning of the film as an indentured servant but the happy ending for her is that she will never have to work again.
Cinderella as the main character strives for a better life and finally she gets the one who is rich.

The significance of magic in Disney films
Success while the Disney heroes journey on their quests is achieved with the help of wishing and magic. It is not strictly done by the heroes´ own abilities and devices. Esmeralda is told as a gypsy, and because gypsies are witches, she is able to magically disappear to evade capture E\ )UROOR ¶V cronies. Pinocchio has Jiminy Cricket, his conscience. Dumbo has Timothy Mouse, his teacher. Ariel the mermaid has Sebastian the crab and Flounder the fish to guide and teach her. Belle the Beauty has mentors in the guise of talking furniture to help her find her true love. They also have the magic

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nothing if it is compared with Mulan who has Mushu, an unusually small dragon that has been sent by her ancestors to bring Mulan back home savely.
Mulan has her second good luck charm, a cricket named Cri-Kee. So that she can work hard and she is soon even stronger than the rest although Mulan starts out physically weak in comparison to her fellow soldiers. Finally she becomes a respected part of her group, which is led by Captain Li Shang. In other side, Aladdin is able to reach his dream by the help of smart mouthed genie inside the Magic Lamp and Jafar has a smart-mouthed parrot. to see this as wrong behavior for the audience. However later in the film the likable and funny crows also make fun of Dumbo. The circus clowns use and abuse the big-eared Dumbo in hurtful ways (Kuenz, at.al., 1995: 112-114).
Most everyone in Dumbo's world except his mother and Timothy mouse pretty much treat Dumbo with contempt and with cruel laughter. It's only after Dumbo proves himself by flying and becoming economically profitable to the circus does the disfigured baby elephant get respect from his circus peers. Thus, being ugly and disfigured is laughable and reason for scorn.
However, being disfigured is just fine as long as you bring money into the circus and spread the wealth around. Riches make the sarcastic laughter go away.

Culture distortion in Disney films
There are some kinds of historical distortions that are done by Disney  (Schickel, 1998: 120 Disney has assured market demand and follows an industry trend of making more money from the sales of video tapes than from box office receipts ( Van, 1990: 66). There are two questions which are tacitly stated in these video advertisements. The first is as parents how parents can deny their children own and buy re-watchable copy of the latest special animated video release, and the second is as parents how they dare deny their children the archetypal magic and myths of childhood. rules but it sets out for world entertainment. It makes its own rules and maintains its power and privilege as producers of cultural texts that serve to rein scribe the ideologies creating dominant and subordinate peoples.

Conclusion
The Walt Disney Company is a symbol of culture. It has produced films that have been translated into many languages around the world, and has exposed these audiences around the world to various cultures. This company was not only able to produce such a well known entertainment for children but also for adults through the contents and the construction of his films.

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production is a kind of an everlasting product since it uses mostly folk narratives particularly fairytales as the basic story, its films always use the most sophisticated technology and technique, and it has great power to communicate through its characters. Almost all Disney films are not only intended to be the entertainment for American people but also people all over the world.
Most of folk narratives which were used in Disney films were adapted IURP RWKHU FRXQWULHV ¶ VWRULHV However, Disney intentionally adapts foreign certain formula that must be well liked by the consumers to blow up the sale of the films. Disney rules that there is only one romantic love for every protagonist that is waited to be found, good looking is everything, power is more appealing, every character needs a magic or a wish to get his dream, it is fine to laugh at developmentally disabled characters, it tends to ignore people of color, there is a culture distortion in some its stories, happiness and fulfillment in its films are linked to buying other Disney products. The adaptation of some stories from other countries is not meant to glorify the XQLTXHQHVV RI RWKHU FRXQWULHV ¶ FXOWXUH EXW WR ILQG RXW WKH SURGXFWV ZKLFK DUH easy to be made in the form of toys.
As one of the most powerful media conglomerates in the world, Disney works endlessly to set out world entertainment. Although there are so many criticisms toward its films, this company will still make its own rules to use Disney formula and maintain its power as producers of cultural texts. In its search for new markets and greater profits, Disney consistently and creatively finds ways of presenting its films, as objects of consumption rather