Politeness Maxim in the Film ” Laskar Pelangi”

Sentential implicature is something meant or implied that is proposed to avoid impoliteness in making harmonious conversation. For the sake of politeness it was postulated cooperative politeness and maxims; tact maxim, approbation maxim, generosity maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim and sympathy maxim. The measurement of politeness or impoliteness is also determined by the four factors; power, range, distance and familiarity. In “Laskar Pelangi” the movie, it was found some maxims with Indonesian cultural background for its politeness. Politeness was shown by addressing someone just by name or by saying “Mr.” and “Mrs”, according to the power and relationship, minimizing dispraise of others, and mentioning something or someone indirectly.


Introduction
In making conversation runs well sometimes it needs strategy and skills. It is often found some conversations get stuck because of losing connection between speaker and hearer. For these, some people raise strategy called sentential implicature. Implicature has been invoked for a variety of purposes, from defending controversial semantic claims in philosophy to explain lexical gaps in linguistics. An implicature is something meant, implied, or suggested distinct from what is said (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/implicature/•X dZ •‰ l OE } •v[š Z À š} • Ç ÁZ š Z ]vš v • š} do or means directly to avoid impoliteness or misinterpretation. A Sentential implicature is used as a bridge for linguisticsgaps for making harmonious conversation.
The concept of politeness may be different in one place to others. It may be influenced by the Harfan and Bakri, the school kept its existence. In describing how the living and daily life, it was used maxims and Sentential implicature in making the fluency of the utterances. Sentential implicature with politeness principle can be used to minimize the belief of impolite expression and maximize the belief of polite expression. In term of politeness someone may lose the face.

The Concept of politeness
The Politeness or impoliteness of our utterances is not only influenced by the word choice, but also by the appropriateness use of language. The dimension on which act of communication may be located are no less complex than those relevant to the social location of the speaker. Halliday Hymes (1972) proposed thirteen separate variables determine the linguistic items selected by the speaker that provide a framework within which any relevant dimensions of similarity and difference may be located. One of the dimensions is the relations between the speaker and addressee. It involves the dimension that is called power. Power is the relationship between speaker and addressee whether the addressee is subordinate, equal or superior to the speaker.
In the term of politeness it is also involved four components; they are power, range, distance and familiarity. Power distinguishes relatively intimate relations from more distant with the Meanwhile, familiarity is a habit in a particular culture, for example in Indonesia it is common to POE š •}u }v Ç ^tZ OE OE Ç}µ P}]vPM_U µš ]š ]• v}š ommon in English.

Politeness in terms of principle and maxims
Grice ( Ironically, many people lived in poverty. They became a coolie. There, there was a school that merely collapsed for the poor. The teachers; Mr. Harfan, Muslimah and Bakri struggled with the ten-God- l šo focus the study in finding politeness maxims used in the utterances.

Data collection
Since it is a kind of discourse study, the data were collected by watching the film and reading the script thoroughly, and then finding the linguistics features studied, in this case politeness maxims.
Discourse analysis requires a careful reading and interpretation of textual material, with interpretation being supported by the linguistics evidence (Coyle, 1995 as quoted by Cohen, Manion and Morrison, 2007: 390).

Data analysis
The data were analyzed for its meaning and inference; in this case was the use of politeness maxims. Discourse analysis is lack of systematicity for its emphasis on the linguistics construction of In analyzing the data it is also used the component of politeness; they are power, range, distance and familiarity between the speaker and the addressee. What the relations they are and whether the utterances chosen polite or not based on the components.

Tact maxim in the text
The function tact maxim is to minimize the expression of belief which imply cost to other; maximize the expression of beliefs which imply benefit to other. In the film it was found in (1). (1

Generosity maxim in the text
Generosity maxim is to minimize the expression of benefit to self; maximize the expression of cost to self.

Modesty maxim in the text
Modesty maxim is to minimize the expression of praise of self; maximize the expression of dispraise of self.
Mr. Harfan shows the respect to the audience that their coming is to safe the school. So it gives benefit to the school and he thanks to the audience.

Approbation maxim in the text
Approbation maxim is to minimize the expression of beliefs which express dispraise of other; maximize the expression of beliefs which express approval of other. Lintang and Mahar are friends. They usually make a joke and it is common to say that. But if Lintang critisizes him for his habit, he may get angry. But by his utterance, it will prevent of being upset.

Agreement maxim in the text
Agreement maxim is to minimize the expression of disagreement between self and other; maximize the expression of agreement between self and other.

Sympathy maxim in the text
Sympathy maxim is to minimize antipathy between self and other; maximize sympathy between self and other. After reading the paper it is hoped that the community are able to use politeness maxim for the sake of minimizing misunderstanding and getting stuck in conversation.